Causes and Symptoms of Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women and is characterized by the growth of malignant tumors in the glandular tissue of the breast. While no one knows why some women develop breast cancer and others do not, the variables have been identified several risk factors for breast cancer.

Most cancers in female breasts form shortly before, during or after menopause, with 75% of cases are diagnosed after age 50. A major health problem in many parts of the world, is especially prevalent in developed countries and in North America and Western Europe, where life expectancy is longer, the incidence is higher. For example, it is estimated that over 10 percent of all women in the United States will develop the disease at some point in their lives.

Incidence rates are lower for black women and Asians than for whites, Hispanics, Native Americans and women. Despite the lower incidence of disease, survival rates have remained consistently lower for black women. Young black women who get breast cancer are more likely to get a particularly aggressive and lethal disease, therefore, a higher death rate from cancer than white women in the same age group.

A cancer diagnosis has many psychological ramifications, emotional, relational and sexual woman and her family. One of the main concerns of women with breast cancer is the fear of the possible response alter mate surgeries possible. Sexual dysfunction has also been frequently associated with patients with breast cancer, although other factors such as premature menopause, depression, the impact of drugs and chemotherapy and pre-existing sexual problems can contribute to sexual dysfunction after the diagnosis of breast cancer.

Although the diagnosis of cancer can be devastating, most women cope successfully. Statistics show that although breast cancer is a major cause of premature death, the number of deaths it causes is roughly equivalent to that of lung cancer (predominantly preventable disease) and much lower than that of cardiovascular disease. Today, more women are surviving breast cancer than ever. More than two million women are survivors of breast cancer. With early detection and prompt and adequate treatment, the prognosis for women with breast cancer can be positive.

Cancer cells, also called carcinomas, are formed by abnormal cell division. This occurs when processes that control the growth of normal tissue repair and breaks down leading to alterations in the proteins produced by changes in DNA. This causes an excessive and uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells that invade and destroy other tissues. Cancer cells, which tend to destroy an increasing proportion of normal breast tissue over time, can spread, or metastasize to other parts of the body. Such genetic mutations in DNA can be present at birth, which predisposes a woman to breast cancer early in life, or can be caused by exposure to hormones and carcinogens (cancer causing agents).

Breast cancer is not a single disease. There are probably at least 15 different types, each with a different growth rate and different pattern for metastasis (spread to other body parts). Is local only briefly and can develop in many parts of the breast: in the milk ducts, between ducts, fats in the blood or lymphatic vessels in the nipple, and in the lobules where milk is produced.

Breast cancer can be referred to as "in situ" or invasive. In situ refers to cancer that has spread beyond its site or origin, as it applies to invasive cancer has spread to tissues around them. The most common type is invasive ductal carcinoma, which accounts for about 70 to 80% of breast cancers. It starts in a milk duct, breaks through the duct wall and invades the fatty tissue of the breast. Another 10 to 15% of breast cancers are invasive lobular carcinomas, which start in the milk-producing glands and can spread elsewhere. However, other less common types of breast cancer tend to have a better prognosis than those two most common types.

Causes and Risk Factors

No one knows why some women develop breast cancer and others do not. Although the disease can affect younger women, 75% of breast cancers occur in women aged 50 years or more. Several variables were identified as risk factors for breast cancer.

Familial or genetic risk

Women who have had a mother or sister with breast cancer are diagnosed in nearly three times the risk. Inherited mutations in genes that predispose women to breast cancer breast cancer and ovarian cancer, often at a younger age. The main genes that increase susceptibility are BRCA1 and BRCA2.

The pattern of inheritance in families who are carriers is such that 50% of the offspring inherit the mutation. Women who carry mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 have a lifetime risk of 56 to 87 percent for breast cancer and increased risk of more than 40% for ovarian cancer. However, not all women with this type of profiles actually have one of the genes BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations have been identified for breast cancer. In fact, mutations latter represent no more than 5% -10% of all cases in the United States.

Exposure to estrogens

These risk factors, all of which relate to life events based on hormones, suggest that breast cancer is somehow affected by prolonged exposure to female sex hormones such as estrogen. Thus, women with long menstrual history who began menstruating early (before age 12) and stopped menstruating late (after 55) are at greater risk. In consideration of high risk include women nulligravida (which have never been pregnant) and nulliparous women (who have never given birth). Also, women having their first child after age 30 are almost a tripling of risk compared to giving birth for the first time at age 20 or less.

Taking estrogen in pill form as a contraceptive or estrogen replacement after menopause seems to increase risk. Older women who take hormone pills that combine estrogen and testosterone, which is sold under the brand names Estratest and Estratest HS, more than double the risk. Similarly, medications that combine estrogen and progestin greatly increase the risk.

Demographics

Demographic factors of age, race, ethnicity and socioeconomic status have also been noted as risk factors for breast cancer.

A fact of great risk is the woman's age and the risk of breast cancer tends to increase with age. Statistics put the risk as follows: Risk at age 45, 1 in 93, 55, 1 in 33, 65, 1 in 17 to 85 years, 1 in 8.

A factor of race is that white women are more likely than black women. However, black women diagnosed with breast cancer are more likely to die from the disease. Similarly, the incidence and mortality rates vary among regions, with the Far East which has a much lower incidence than in Western Europe and North America. The average risk of developing breast cancer for women in the U.S. is approximately 1 in 9.

Other risk factors include residence in an urban area and socioeconomic status, including higher educational level and family income of women (women in the highest group have a risk almost twice as large as those in the lowest group .)

Studies also indicate that women who usually work in night shifts may increase the risk by up to 60 percent. Scientists theorize that the body production of melatonin (a hormone that, among other things, regulates sex hormones) peaks in the dark overnight. Exposure to bright light overnight decreases the production of melatonin, which in turn may increase the levels of estrogen. These studies may explain why women in industrialized countries, who are exposed to more artificial light at night, have a higher risk than those in developing countries.

Nutrition and Lifestyle Risk

The relationship between high fat intake and body fat and the risk remains controversial, but nevertheless the reduction of fat intake is highly recommended. Before menopause, women who are obese may have a lower risk of breast cancer.

More active women who exercise and are able to maintain a healthy body weight are at a lower relative risk. Higher levels of activity may reduce women's exposure to estrogen and progesterone. Alcohol has also been linked to increased risk. The American Cancer Society reports that women who drink two to five alcoholic drinks a day have about 1.5 times the risk of developing breast cancer than women who drink no alcohol. Thus increasing physical activity and eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables may decrease the risk.

Breast cancer and smoking

A major risk factor and preventable breast cancer is smoking. The prevalence among smokers was about three times that of nonsmokers. Research suggests that about half of all women are particularly susceptible to carcinogens (cancer-causing substance or agent) is in the snuff and therefore are at greater risk if they smoke cigarettes. These women have a slow acting form of a liver enzyme that detoxifies normally carcinogens. For these women, each cigarette that loads the dice in favor of breast cancer.

Symptoms

When it first develops, there may be no symptoms at all. But as the cancer grows, it can cause changes that women should be considered. Very often, noticeable symptoms are not cancer (such as packages - 80% of which are benign tumors or cysts), but it is important that you consult with your doctor so that any problems can be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible. Despite the emphasis on mammography as a screening device, usually first discovered as a package (usually in the upper outer quadrant) by the woman or her doctor.

About 85-90% of breast cancers detected clinically present with a lump in the breast, most of the remaining 10-15% present with retraction of the pain, skin or nipple (5%) and secretion in the nipple (2%), pain or swelling in the armpit also noted occasionally. A woman can help protect your health by learning the following warning signs:

1. A lump or thickening in or near the breast or underarm area

2. A change in breast size or shape

3. A serous or bloody nipple discharge or pain

4. The nipple is retracted or reversed in the chest

5. Peaks in the chest - the skin looks like the skin of an orange that is often referred to as peu d'Orange
Article Source:- http://wikcy66.over-blog.com/article-causes-and-symptoms-of-breast-cancer-107573634.html


http://www.jewishb2bnetworking.com/users/mydisabilityplans
http://www.jewishb2bnetworking.com/users/alloccasionsflowers
http://community.fussball.de/de/id/yvettelockwood.html
http://www.livestrong.com/profile/krystynayi/
http://www.librarything.com/profile/MaryannMurillo
http://www.flickaday.com/users/12572/profile
http://www.redstate.com/users/krystynayi/
http://forum.asiawebdirect.com/ubbthreads.php/users/16576/thepartypeople20
http://greenvoice.com/users/47415-thewatchcollection
http://www.formspring.me/thewatchcollec
http://www.bookcrossing.com/mybookshelf/alloccasionsflo/
http://www.symphonythemes.com/users/benjaminchumd2012
http://www.akaqa.com/account/profile/1919666204
http://forum.asiawebdirect.com/ubbthreads.php/users/16571/thewatchcollecti
http://www.bongotyube.com/MelodyJarrett
http://www.flickaday.com/users/12573/profile
http://www.anime-planet.com/users/thewatchcollection
http://www.flickaday.com/users/12570/profile
http://groups.drupal.org/user/1867708
http://www.chooseliberty2012.com/profile/thewatchcollection2012/
http://www.logaholic.com/help/user/thewatchcollect
http://www.daniweb.com/members/956359/BeatriceRodrig
http://goshrine.com/users/10273
http://www.librarything.com/profile/IrmaBlanco
http://www.daniweb.com/members/956363/listeneractive
http://www.livinginhd.com/alloccasionsflowers/
http://www.instructables.com/member/KrystynaYi/
http://www.bongotyube.com/BeatriceRodrigues
http://goshrine.com/users/10271
http://snipplr.com/users/benjaminchumd
http://goshrine.com/users/10269
http://www.vrec-co.com/blog/16/alloccasionsflowers2012
http://www.formspring.me/thepartypeople
http://www.formspring.me/originaldecking
https://www.lookk.com/users/64100
http://www.librarything.com/profile/originaldecking
http://www.bongotyube.com/CourtneyFeliciano
http://www.logaholic.com/help/user/mydisabilityplans
http://americancowboy.com/users/benjaminchumd2012
http://www.bongotyube.com/MaryannMurillo
http://www.urlauber.de/users/listeneractive
http://community.fussball.de/de/id/originaldecking.html
http://www.getfitmississippi.com/user/44609
http://www.chooseliberty2012.com/profile/alloccasionsflowers2012/
http://www.anime-planet.com/users/alloccasionsflower
http://www.rightmichigan.com/user/benjaminchumd2012
http://www.akaqa.com/account/profile/1919666181
http://www.flickaday.com/users/12571/profile
http://www.bookcrossing.com/mybookshelf/listeneractive2/
http://greenvoice.com/users/47420-alloccasionsflowers
http://www.vrec-co.com/blog/14/mydisabilityplans2012
http://www.jewishb2bnetworking.com/users/thewatchcollection
http://www.livinginhd.com/thepartypeople2012
https://www.lookk.com/users/64103
http://www.anime-planet.com/users/listeneractive2012
http://community.fussball.de/de/id/maryannmurillo.html
http://www.formspring.me/mydisabilitypla
http://www.vrec-co.com/blog/13/thewatchcollection2012
http://community.fussball.de/de/id/thepartypeople.html
http://www.livinginhd.com/originaldecking2012/
http://groups.drupal.org/user/1867938
http://www.akaqa.com/account/profile/1919666162
https://www.lookk.com/users/64099
http://forum.asiawebdirect.com/ubbthreads.php/users/16577/alloccasionsflow
http://groups.drupal.org/user/1867983
http://www.logaholic.com/help/user/alloccasionsflowers
http://blog.livableworld.org/user/benjaminchumd2012
http://www.urlauber.de/users/thewatchcollection2012
http://groups.drupal.org/user/1867878
http://www.chooseliberty2012.com/profile/mydisabilityplans2012/
http://www.vrec-co.com/blog/15/listeneractive
http://www.livinginhd.com/thewatchcollection/
https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/user/735237
http://www.urlauber.de/users/mydisabilityplans2012
http://www.routeyou.com/user/view/137728/krystynayi-home-page.en
http://groups.drupal.org/user/1867838
http://www.urlauber.de/users/alloccasionsflowers2012
http://www.librarything.com/profile/YvetteLockwood
http://greenvoice.com/users/47416-mydisabilityplans
http://www.livinginhd.com/mydisabilityplans/
http://groups.drupal.org/user/1867758
http://ostatic.com/member/krystynayi
http://www.akaqa.com/account/profile/1919666167
http://www.daniweb.com/members/956361/thepartypeople
http://www.librarything.com/profile/CourtneyFeliciano
http://www.wgt.com/user/Profile.aspx?UserID=5185217
http://www.bongotyube.com/IrmaBlanco
http://goshrine.com/users/10268
http://community.fussball.de/de/id/melodyjarrett.html
http://forum.asiawebdirect.com/ubbthreads.php/users/16572/mydisabilityplan
http://greenvoice.com/users/47418-originaldecking
http://www.rhrealitycheck.org/people/benjaminchumd
http://www.bookcrossing.com/mybookshelf/thewatchcollect/
http://www.librarything.com/profile/MelodyJarrett
http://www.bookcrossing.com/mybookshelf/mydisabilitypla/
http://www.daniweb.com/members/956356/YvetteLockwood
http://www.daniweb.com/members/956353/MaryannMurillo
http://www.formspring.me/alloccasionsflo
http://www.akaqa.com/account/profile/1919666185
https://www.lookk.com/users/64102
http://www.daniweb.com/members/956365/MelodyJarrett
http://www.anime-planet.com/users/mydisabilityplans
http://greenvoice.com/users/47419-thepartypeople2012
http://www.bongotyube.com/YvetteLockwood
http://codecanyon.net/user/benjaminchumd

http://sitedaescola.com/elgg/pg/profile/KimWillard
http://celebuzz.com/user/matildeqrourke/
http://celsias.com/people/apartment-s/
http://worldsings.com/user/blogs/view/name_efoxecigs2012/id_58785/
http://kuro5hin.org/user/JanieGee/
http://developer.flux.com/profile/008DB80020280DB0800010280DB08/AboutMe.aspx
http://forums.manageengine.com/#User/AlmaBloom
http://community.mtvu.com/profile/0F4E881020281E8F400010281E8F4/AboutMe.aspx
http://permacultureglobal.com/users/4572
http://forums.manageengine.com/#User/ErikaGrimm
http://sitedaescola.com/elgg/pg/profile/EmmaQuintana
http://teachingenglish.org.uk/users/pennyhurd
http://sitedaescola.com/elgg/pg/profile/JanieGee
http://kuro5hin.org/user/EmmaQuintana/
http://asknature.org/user/MatildeOrourke
http://orangepolitics.org/user/manhattancitylimo
http://rottentomatoes.com/user/971279/blogs/?id=721623
http://politicalcortex.com/user/clubpenguincp2012
http://teachingenglish.org.uk/users/danielleabrams
http://flippingpad.com/profiles/13498-nildalaughlin?public_view=true
http://trunity.net/profile/arlingtonvamovers2012/
http://protectthehuman.amnesty.org.uk/users/machellelewandowski
http://adhack.com/portfolio/users/laurimixon
http://politicalcortex.com/user/newportjets2012
http://javaworld.com/community/user/256750
http://iamsport.org/pg/profile/franchiseseeker
http://writernia.com/user/23046
http://arcade.stanford.edu/users/almabloom
http://aeriagames.com/user/Machelle25
http://arcade.stanford.edu/users/marshawesley
http://getsatisfaction.com/people/kimwillard
http://getsatisfaction.com/people/veronicafish
http://esnips.com/profile.php?uid=1181275
http://zotero.org/freelegacyfood
http://asknature.org/user/CharlieMonahan
http://challengedailies.com/profile/DestinySpeer/AboutMe.aspx
http://zotero.org/orthofill
http://dailymotion.com/LuanaForrester
http://aeriagames.com/user/MaeganGuest
http://techcelerate.org/user/eldascales
http://arcade.stanford.edu/users/danielleabrams
http://zotero.org/elyserockwell
http://teachingenglish.org.uk/users/leahrosenberg
http://sitedaescola.com/elgg/pg/profile/MarshaWesley
http://community.viva-tv.pl/profile/ErnestinaHook/AboutMe.aspx
http://challengedailies.com/profile/CariMachado/AboutMe.aspx
http://rottentomatoes.com/user/971152/blogs/?id=721564
http://politicalcortex.com/user/luxuryhomehunt2012/
http://forums.manageengine.com/#User/RobinHelton
http://arcade.stanford.edu/users/laurenesparza
http://xing.com/profile/Luana_Forrester
http://flippingpad.com/profiles/13348-teresitasnowden?public_view=true
http://arcade.stanford.edu/users/traceyhuerta
http://developer.flux.com/profile/029CA81020281CA2900010281CA29/AboutMe.aspx
http://teachingenglish.org.uk/users/ellenmuller1
http://sitedaescola.com/elgg/pg/profile/DarleneGodwin
http://arcade.stanford.edu/users/alloccasionsflowers
http://cswatch.org/users/fortworthmoving2012
http://blackborder.com/q/user/10011
http://trunity.net/profile/visionps2012/
http://sitedaescola.com/elgg/pg/profile/mydisabilityplans
http://teachingenglish.org.uk/users/tiffanyrobison
http://community.nextmovie.com/profile/0ED198202028219ED0001028219ED/AboutMe.aspx
http://xt-user.com/user/13379
http://writernia.com/user/22971
http://magcloud.com/user/aìignseattle
http://community.comedycentral.com/profile/ZeldaStjohn/AboutMe.aspx
http://community.mtvbase.com/profile/BelleLittlefield/AboutMe.aspx
http://pimpmyride.com/profile/IolaBeverly/AboutMe.aspx
http://forums.manageengine.com/#User/GertrudeMetcalf
http://asknature.org/user/vadalytle
http://sportsnation.espn.go.com/fans/MachelleLewandowski/blog/posts/227367/
http://flippingpad.com/profiles/13491-freddieberman?public_view=true
http://sitedaescola.com/elgg/pg/profile/RamonaKilgore
http://developer.flux.com/profile/05458820202825854000102825854/AboutMe.aspx
http://blackborder.com/q/user/10009
http://trunity.net/profile/clubpenguincp2012/
http://protectthehuman.amnesty.org.uk/users/newyorkappliancerepair
http://getsatisfaction.com/people/lillianbillings
http://getsatisfaction.com/people/yvettelockwood
http://community.subterraneanblog.com/profile/NildaLaughlin/AboutMe.aspx
http://cswatch.org/users/columbuswang
http://getsatisfaction.com/people/rhondavillegas
http://zillow.com/profile/user0831329/
http://flippingpad.com/profiles/13350-robbinparis?public_view=true
http://empowher.com/users/machellelewandowski
http://trunity.net/profile/manhattancitylimo2012/
http://zotero.org/zenaidaadler
http://jeriskaggs.buzznet.com/user/
http://allgirlarmy.org/user/alignseattle2012
http://jihoy.com/profile/BoSchaefer
http://teachingenglish.org.uk/users/darlenegodwin
http://adhack.com/portfolio/users/kittyfarrar
http://pointcast.webs.com/apps/profile/95568286/
http://djsets.gr/index.php/my-profile/775-rupertguthrie
http://rottentomatoes.com/user/971270/blogs/?id=721615
http://getsatisfaction.com/people/pennyhurd
http://sitedaescola.com/elgg/pg/profile/PearlCummins
http://rottentomatoes.com/user/971151/blogs/?id=721559
http://community.nextmovie.com/profile/0405D820202825D40000102825D40/AboutMe.aspx
http://kuro5hin.org/user/KimWillard/
http://pointcast.webs.com/apps/profile/95569008/
http://forums.manageengine.com/#User/MaryannMurillo
http://sitedaescola.com/elgg/pg/profile/VeronicaFish
http://rottentomatoes.com/user/970943/blogs/?id=721483
http://allgirlarmy.org/user/newportjets2012
http://dailymotion.com/MaeganGuest
http://dailymotion.com/JeriSkaggs
http://developer.flux.com/profile/0405D820202825D40000102825D40/AboutMe.aspx
http://celebuzz.com/user/barbtempleton/
http://protectthehuman.amnesty.org.uk/users/palmaolmstead
http://getsatisfaction.com/people/maryannmurillo
http://community.nextmovie.com/profile/038C881020281C83800010281C838/AboutMe.aspx
http://mabuhaycity.com/profiles/160308
http://vimeo.com/user11523909/
http://adhack.com/portfolio/users/rowenathurston
http://forums.manageengine.com/#User/TraceyHuerta
http://zotero.org/venusschell
http://clevelandfreepress.com/users/jeriskaggs
http://celebuzz.com/user/zenaidaadler/
http://celsias.com/people/dros-m/
http://ogasir.com/?q=node/564
http://protectthehuman.amnesty.org.uk/users/traceemercier
http://forums.manageengine.com/#User/EllenMuller
http://sitedaescola.com/elgg/pg/profile/AlbertaHorner
http://rottentomatoes.com/user/971146/blogs/?id=721556
http://celebuzz.com/user/sandilayne/
http://trunity.net/profile/luxuryhomehunt2012/
http://adhack.com/portfolio/users/jasminruth
http://mabuhaycity.com/profiles/160376
http://community.bet.com/profile/ZeldaStjohn/AboutMe.aspx
http://developer.flux.com/profile/06319820202821963000102821963/AboutMe.aspx
http://pimpmyride.com/profile/GriseldaHumphreys/AboutMe.aspx
http://cswatch.org/users/brendoncowan
http://forums.manageengine.com/#User/MyrtleThomson
http://trunity.net/profile/exclusivehomebath2012/
http://adhack.com/portfolio/users/deidracroft
http://iamsport.org/pg/profile/houstonmetrolocksmith2012
http://iamsport.org/pg/profile/arlingtonvamovers
http://fosterclub.com/members/maeganguest
http://sitedaescola.com/elgg/pg/profile/AlmaBloom
http://forums.manageengine.com/#User/EmmaQuintana
http://sitedaescola.com/elgg/pg/profile/LillianBillings
http://flippingpad.com/profiles/13500-dannahelm?public_view=true
http://celebuzz.com/user/venusschell/
http://eventful.com/users/MaeganGuest
http://brandsoftheworld.com/users/seattlemoving2012
http://iamsport.org/pg/profile/manhattancitylimo
http://blackborder.com/q/user/9991
http://javaworld.com/community/user/256956