Thyroid Cancer - Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis

Thyroid cancer is a common tumor that can occur in any age group especially in people who have had radiation to the neck area, but is most common after age 30 and its aggressiveness increases significantly in elderly patients . Thyroid carcinoma develops in the thyroid, a butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of your neck, just below the Adam's apple.

Thyroid cancers
Thyroid tumors are divided into papillary carcinomas, follicular carcinomas, medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), anaplastic thyroid carcinomas, lymphomas, primary and primary thyroid sarcomas.

Papillary tumors represent half of all thyroid tumors in adults, is more common in young adults. Follicular carcinomas are less common but more likely to recur and metastasize to regional lymph nodes and blood vessels in the bones, liver and lungs. Medullary carcinoma is a rare cancer family is completely curable if detected before it causes symptoms. The least common is anaplastic which has a very poor prognosis. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma tends to run after it has spread and does not heal in most cases

The causes of thyroid cancer
The predisposing factors include radiation exposure, prolonged exposure of the thyroid stimulating hormone, familial predisposition and chronic goiter.

Signs and Symptoms
The main signs of thyroid tumors are a painless nodule, a lump or swelling in the neck, sometimes growing rapidly, a pain in the front of the neck, sometimes going up to the ears, hoarseness or voice changes not go away, difficulty swallowing, trouble breathing, a cough that persists and is not due to a cold.

Diagnosis
The first sign is usually a palpable nodule, enlarged thyroid gland, neck, lymph nodes in the neck, or vocal cords. The tests should rule out malignant thyroid enlargements are much more common. Thyroid scans measure the ability of the nodules to trap isotopes compared with the rest of the thyroid. Other tests include CT scans, biopsy and ultrasound scans.

Treatment
Treatment options may include surgery to remove the thyroid gland and nearby lymph nodes, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hormone therapy. Anaplastic carcinoma patients
often require a tracheostomy during treatment and the treatment is much more aggressive than for other types of thyroid cancer.

Radioactive iodine is administered to the patient after their cancer has been removed because if cancer cells are left in the body, then these cells absorb and concentrate toxic radioactive iodine.

Forecast
The survival rate for patients with papillary tumors that have spread is excellent. The medullary thyroid cancer is much less common, but has a worse prognosis.

Article Source:- http://wikcy661.wordpress.com/2012/06/25/thyroid-cancer-causes-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment-and-prognosis/

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